They are endemic to southern asia and the monophagous yellow rice stem borer ysb, scirpophaga iiicertulas walk is the most important borer species in bangladesh. The insects infest rice crops throughout their growth, from the seedling stage to maturity. Alligatorweed stem borer suggested common name arcola. It is found in afghanistan, nepal, northeastern india, sri lanka, bangladesh, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, malaysia, singapore, sumatra, java, borneo, sumba, sulawesi, the philippines, taiwan, china and japan. Pupa dark brown in color, pupal period is 610 days. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation. Screening of rice cultures genotypes for their reaction. Talking about the damage of rice borers, in china, where approximately two third of the damage is caused by the rice stem borers and one third by the rice leaf folder sheng et al. Relationship among abundance of yellow stem borer moths, egg population, and egg parasitism in rice.
An economic threshold of 510% dhs and 5 per cent white ear has been suggested for yellow stem borers. Making a pdf file of a logo is surprisingly easy and is essential for most web designers. Adobe designed the portable document format, or pdf, to be a document platform viewable on virtually any modern operating system. Pyralidae, on deepwater rice, with special reference to bangladesh volume. One of the fun things about computers is playing with programs like paint. It is a specific pest of paddy and has world wide distribution. The yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker is considered as the most important pest of rice ecosystem, which attack the crop from seedling stage till harvest deka et al.
If your pdf reader is displaying an error instead of opening a pdf file, chances are that the file is c. Eggs are yellow and flat, laid singly or in pairs on young leaves. Pdf the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. You can use the tools in paint to add something to a different document. Pdf the experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insecticides against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. However, no control measures are currently recommended and it is rare for farmers to attempt control. These egg masses are to be collected from the field and destroyed them. Pyralidae by mating disruption with the natural ratio of pheromone components. The percentage dead hearts and white heads were computed by using abbotts 1925 formulae. This is respectively followed by pink stem borer 8.
Pdf the impact of yellow stemborer, scirpophaga incertulas. How to shrink a pdf file that is too large techwalla. Young larvae wrap part of a leaf around their body and detach themselves from the plant, falling onto the water surface. Larval period 2045 days, pupation in white silken cocoon. Single applications of slowrelease pheromone formulations were used to control yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker, by mating disruption in two trials on rice in india. Distribution of rice stem borers and their parasitoid in.
Yellow stem borer appears to be well adapted to the aquatic environment of deepwater rice and is reported to cause an annual average yield loss of about 1720% in bangladesh and thailand catling et al. Efficacy of ecofriendly insecticides against yellow stem. Rice stem borers have been recognized as important rice pests. Yellow stem borer ysb is the most destructive and widely distributed insectpest of rice. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. It causes 5 10% damage to the rice crop with about 60% damage in case of a severe outbreak jepson. Diapause in rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas pyralidae. Importance the alligatorweed stem borer, arcola malloi, is an important. The first trial compared the efficacy of two formulations containing 1. Observation on yellow stem borer infestation was recorded after 30, 50, 70 and 90 dat days after transplanting and at harvest from 10 randomly selected hills per plot. Larvae of stem borer may remain inside the stubbles of the. Control of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. In sri lanka, lf affects roughly 20 per cent of the total paddy field nugaliyadde et al.
Tolerance to striped stem borer and yellow stem borer. Names of major stem borers are given below in table 1, and their host plants. World bibliography of rice stem borers stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs. The insecticides can be applied only when the yellow stem borer damage reaches the economic threshold etl or economic injury level eil. The pest is widespread in asia and is the cause of potentially substantial crop losses. The extent of damage caused by the yellow stem borer in rice ranged from 3 to 95 per cent ghose et al. Second instar larvae enclose themselves in body leaf wrappings to make tubes and detach themselves from the leaf and falls onto the water surface. Green and yellow list nutrients and maize plants ability maize stem borer busseola fusca, chilo partellus, chilo orichalcociliellus, sesamia calamistis stem damage on maize stalk by african maize stem borer anne bruntse, biovision stalkborer larvae about 8 mm feeding inside maize stem. A pvcresin formulation of sex pheromone was tested for mating disruption of yellow rice stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas, in replicated 1ha plots in india over two seasons.
Eggs of the erythrina stem borer, typically laid singly in the axil of leaves near stem tips, are translucent and white. Model development for life cycle assessment of rice yellow. It is a serious pest of vine crops, commonly attacking summer squash, winter squash and pumpkins. Lumes, lund university international masters programme in. Plant napier grass along the borders of the maize as a trap crop to pull stalk borers away from the maize. Larva feeds on the stem and causes drying of the central shoot known as dead heart in the young seedlings, and drying of the panicle in grown up plant called white ear. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. The impact of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. It can grow in places having temperature 12 oc and annual rainfall around mm.
It is found in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Tolerance to stem borer, leaf folder and brown planthopper. Field evaluation of rice accessions against yellow stem borer. A fullgrown larva about 20mm long has brown head and. It accounts for 50 % of all the insecticides used in rice field. Yield losses due to ysb andor wsb may range from 25 to 50% or higher during outbreaks.
Stripped stem borer is also categorized under the major pests of paddy. This would prove useful in forewarning likely occurrence of the pest in mandya region, thereby paving way for timely action and prevention of yield losses due to the pest. It is found in plants or leafover stubbles in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. Rice technology bulletin series pinoy rice knowledge bank. The yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas contributes 90 percent of damage in the paddy field, especially during the rainy season.
So, in all the rice growing areas this insect or moth pest is available. Small orange head with pale, hairless, yellowish body. Field efficacy of some new insecticides against rice. Kharif 2012 during kharif 2012, seventy seven rice genotypes were screened for resistance to stem borer. To control the stem borer the fallowing measure may be taken. Consequences of feeding by yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walk. Plant desmodium in between maize rows to repel stalk borers from the maize. In cauvery deltaic region four species of stem borer that is scirpophaga incertulas yellow stem borer, chilo suppressalis striped borer, chilo auricillus golden fringed borer. Mechanisms of compensation of rice plants to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. Pdf using several methods, claims that stem borers, especially scirpophaga incertulas walker, cause serious crop loss in deepwater rice. An economic threshold of 510% dhs and 5 per cent white ear has been suggested for yellow stem borers henrichs et al. Among the borers, yellow stem borer ysb, scircophaga incertulasis distributed. Yellowish egg mass of the stem borer can be seen on the leaf of the paddy plant. The pdf format allows you to create documents in countless applications and share them with others for viewing.
The paint program can help you make new image files, but it cannot open document or pdf file. Light trap study to determine emergence and peak of adult. Formation for mathematical modeling of trichogramma. The stem borers belong to the order lepidoptera, which is characterised by the presence of sucking mouthparts in the form of a proboscis and scales on the wings.
Volatile profile of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker damaged rice plants nishintha n, premalatha k, chinniah c, vellaikumar s, nalini r and shanthi m abstract a monophagous pest of rice, yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas is the most destructive among the rice pests. The impact of yellow stemborer, scirpophaga incertulas walker. Volatile profile of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga. Volatile profile of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. The damage is caused by the larvae of the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas, a pest of deepwater rice. Description of common stem borers in the philippines. Stem borers sbs are key group of insect pests of rice. In asia, yellow stem borer causes widespread damage by producing a loss of bearing stems, and lighter or empty panicles. Afghanistan, bangladesh, burma, cambodia, china, india, sri lanka and indonesia. Hence silica content in rice plant was found to be negatively correlated with the incidence of stem borer, thrips, leaf folder and gall midge. Economic impact it is very difficult to quantify the economic impact of rice stem borers including s. Searching for a specific type of document on the internet is sometimes like looking for a needle in a haystack.
A major target for bt deployment in transgenic rice is the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker. No appropriate measures are known and control of this major pest is a. They attach themselves to the tiller and bore into the stem. Seasonlong control of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas lepidoptera. However, development of younger larvae first to third instars is restricted to alligatorweed maddox and hennessey 1970. The results revealed that of eleven insecticides sprayed at 80 days. Development of weather based rice yellow stem borer. Infestation % number of dead heartwhite ear per hill x 100. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. Pdf management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga. Assessment of biophysical and biochemical attributes.
Mortality of first and secondinstar larvae of yellow stem borer in four indica cultivars at the vegetative stage. Rice stem borer causes damage by reducing the number of tillers and yield. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the. The experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insecticides against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker in boro. At present three species of lepidopteran stem borers are known to occur in sri lankan paddy fields fernando, 1964. The attack of yellow stem borer can cause 2530 per cent damage to the crop sachan et al. Rice stem borer yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyralidae.
Sanitation of straw infested by rice stem borer for. Development of pvcresincontrolled release formulation for. The persistent and injudicious use of chemicals have toxic effects on nontarget organisms and can cause undesirable changes in the. Pheromone dispensers pvcresin dispensers for release rate studies were prepared by mixing 40% by weight vinyl chloridevinyl acetate emulsion copolymer vinnol e565c, wacker. They gradually change to a bronze color as hatch nears. No matter which continent, ecosystem, or type of crop culture, a field of rice is usually infested by more than one stem borer species. The larva of this moth feeds only the internal tissue that the.
Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps. Most electronic documents such as software manuals, hardware manuals and ebooks come in the pdf portable document format file format. Ento 331 lecture 02 pests of rice borers and foliage. Improved rice cultivars are either susceptible to the insect or have only moderate levels of resistance. Biochemical constituents influencing the infestation rate of. Lepidoptera the pest is widely distributed in all asian countries, monophagous and is a major pest on rice in india. Once youve done it, youll be able to easily send the logos you create to clients, make them available for download, or attach them to emails in a fo. The dead hearts are produced the reproductive stage. After emerging, squash vine borers lay eggs one at a time at the base of susceptible plants. Formation for mathematical modeling of trichogramma japanicum. Pdf rice plants are vulnerable to the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker, during the booting phase, when infestations cause the. Among the stem borer species, yellow stem borer 43. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved. Field efficacy of some new insecticides against rice yellow.
Moths are medium and 10 mm in length, forewings yellowishgrey with small black spots at apical portion, hindwings are dirty white. In india yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas has assumed the number one pest status as national pest pasalu et al. Pyralidae, was the most important insect pest of rice, attacking all stages of the crop. Key factor responsible for fluctuations in rice yellow stem borer populations in deepwater rice ecosystems.
Rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. Biochemical constituents influencing the infestation rate. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. This moth causes the highest percentage of damage of the paddy plant. Yellow stem borer white stem borer eggmass white, oval, and flat covered with brownish hairs from the anal tufts of the female length ranges from 28mm 79 days incubation period 70100 eggs per mass larva length of first instar is about 1. Severe outbreak of black bug was recorded at august 2018. It is very serious in areas where more than one crop of paddy are taken in a year. The four different methods are generally practiced to control yellow stem borer are cultural control, varietal resistance, chemical control and biological control. Approximately six major species of stem borer cause significant damage to rice cultivation. Yellow stem borer, gallmidge, brown planthopper, green.
It causes dead heart or white head, depending on infestation time and significantly reduces rice yields by 510% and even up to 60% under localized outbreak conditions 1. Studied on the biology of yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulus walker was carried out at department of entomology, college of agriculture, n. Field evaluation of rice accessions against yellow stem. The yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas walker and white stem borer wsb, scirpophaga innotata walker are the philippine stem borer species that feed exclusively on rice. The experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insectici des against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulaswalker in boro rice at rice research station, chinsurah, hooghly, west bengal during the year 200910, 201011 and 201112.
The squash vine borer is a common clearwing moth in home gardens in minnesota. Stem borers of gramineous crops in southeast asia isoko hattori major stem borers attacking gramineous crops in southeast asia more than a dozen species of stem borers are known as injurious pests of cereals and sugarcane in southeast asia. Eggs appear in neatly ordered rows on the underside of hostplant leaves. Studies on the ecology of the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga. Distribution of rice stem borers and their parasitoid in kilombero moritas dispersion index for stem borer larvae indicated that there was more number of stem borer larvae at rice vegetative stage in three wards of signali, mkula and sanje with an aggregate distribution of both stem borer larvae and parasitoids table 1. Larvae of the erythrina stem borer have creamcolored bodies and a black head. The reason for a pdf file not to open on a computer can either be a problem with the pdf file itself, an issue with password protection or noncompliance w the reason for a pdf file not to open on a computer can either be a problem with the. Journal of plant protection in the tropics in press. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. Feb 01, 1995 the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker, is the major pest in deepwater rice in the asian region where it regularly causes yield losses estimated at 1520% catling, islam and pattrasudhi, 1987. The eggs hatch in about one week and the resulting larvae bore into stems to feed. Other stem borers on rice include dark headed borer,chilo suppressalis. Stem borer scirpophaga is a serious paddy pest in india, pakistan, burma, sri lanka, china, japan formosa, philippines and indonesia.
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